Prashanth Panduranga, Kadhim Sulaiman, Ibrahim Al-Zakwani, Mohammad Zubaid, Wafa Rashed, Wael Al-Mahmeed, Jawad Al-Lawati, Ahmed Al-Motarreb, Amin Haitham, Jassim Suwaidi, Khalid Al-Habib

Abstract:
We assessed the use and determinants of cardiac catheterization during index admissions, among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Middle East. Data were analyzed from 8150 consecutive ACS patients enrolled prospectively. The overall rate of cardiac catheterization was 20%. Major predictors of cardiac catheterization were university hospitals, hospitals with catheterization facilities, physician type, and Gulf citizenship. High-risk patients were catheterized less compared to low-risk patients; odds ratio (OR) 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-0.60, P < .001 and OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48-0.98, P = .037 for patients with non-ST-elevation ACS and ST-elevation myocardial infarction, respectively. The use of cardiac catheterization in patients with ACS from Middle East is low. It is related more to hospital characteristics than to baseline risks. There is a need to explore ways to increase overall rate of in-hospital cardiac catheterization in the region and direct it to patients who would benefit most.